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Considerable research has been devoted to the development of algorithms for perceptually transparent coding of high-fidelity (CD-quality) digital audio. As a result, many algorithms have been proposed and several have now become international and/or commercial product standards. This paper reviews algorithms for perceptually transparent coding of CD-quality digital audio, including both research and standardization activities. First, psychoacoustic principles are described with the MPEG psychoacoustic signal analysis model 1 discussed in some detail. Then, we review methodologies which achieve perceptually transparent coding of FM- and CD-quality audio signals, including algorithms which manipulate transform components and subband signal decompositions. The discussion concentrates on architectures and applications of those techniques which utilize psychoacoustic models to exploit efficiently …