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Poverty, as a multidimensional concept, includes economic and political elements, as well as social and psychological components. The study of poverty has received much attention in psychological science and in the study of the cognitive consequences of this condition. Mullainathan and Shafir (2013) defined the concept of scarcity as the perception of not having enough. Several studies have investigated the link between scarcity and cognitive ability, suggesting that scarcity imposes additional burdens on people’s mind, through taxing their attention (Mullainathan & Shafir, 2012, 2013). Supporting these results, Mani, Mullainathan, Shafir, and Zhao (2013) suggested that being poor means facing not only with a shortfall of economic resources but also with a contemporary shortfall of cognitive resources. The poor, in this perspective, are less capable not because of intrinsic traits, but because of the very context of poverty, with its related concerns, imposes load and impedes cognitive capacity. Generally, these cognitive resources deficiencies are common in people living in a state of scarcity, which is not necessarily related to money, but that may encounter time constrain (So & Agrawal, 2008) or physical hunger (Briers, Pandelaere, Dewitte, & Warlop, 2006), indicating a common mindset in those who experience the perception of not having enough resources. Considering the high economic insecurity experienced in many parts of the world and the generalizability of the consequences of the scarcity, the main goal of my dissertation is to determine whether a scarcity mindset is immutable or if it is influenced by contextual factors (e.g. how …