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The importance of water to sustain life and health is an undeniable statement. Nevertheless, in some situations water may cause problems and even a threat to life. The United Nations (UN) organization foresees risk of conflict in 46 countries in near-future because of water (CHADE, 2008).

When inhabited places are associated to triggering factors, such as punctual extreme events, natural (or other) disasters may take place. According to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction-UNISDR, a disaster is “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources”(UNISDR, 2009). Water-related disasters may happen mainly due to overabundance (floods, flashfloods, dam failure) or shortage (droughts, problems for public supply of potable water, impacts on agriculture).“Disasters are not related to averages, they are caused by extremes”(OGURA, 2013). Furthermore, other disasters may involve water resources at different ways, affecting environment, public health, urban dynamics and rural production.