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As a result of changing conditions in the world due to increasing population, scarce natural resources and climate change, there are increasing number of research activities in the areas of food, water and energy, which are critical for humanity. With the growing threat of pollution, global warming, and energy crises caused by countries strong dependence on the dwindling supply of nonrenewable fossil fuels, the search for clean, sustainable and renewable alternative energy resources is one of the most urgent challenges to the sustainable development of human civilization [1]. According to Jones (2009), these challenges can be overcome by applying nano-science and technology to the energy field [2].