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The mass-manufactured car and new transportation systems have become connected entities. Connected and Automated Mobility uses wireless interfaces to provide drivers and customers with information, entertainment, and new functionality. Cars are now another of our smart devices and the connected data services add value to enhance vehicle marketability. However, decades of using enterprise and Internet systems have demonstrated that connectivity provides an attack vector for threat agents.

When cars were first fitted with computers the hacking began. However, vehicle cybersecurity was not a major concern before the connected car because hacking was restricted to single vehicles. That changed when researchers demonstrated the ability to take control of a car over a cellular connection. Vehicle manufacturers and the wider automotive industry have responded by taking seriously the transportation cybersecurity threat. Cyber resilience engineering processes have emerged to reduce the cybersecurity risk to vehicles. The aim is to maintain high safety levels within the global transportation super-systems.