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The extracellular forms of the IL‐1 cytokines are active through binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells. IL‐1 ligands bind to the extracellular portion of their ligand‐binding receptor chain. For signaling to take place, a non‐binding accessory chain is recruited into a heterotrimeric complex. The intracellular approximation of the Toll‐IL‐1‐receptor (TIR) domains of the 2 receptor chains is the event that initiates signaling. The family of IL‐1 receptors (IL‐1R) includes 10 structurally related members, and the distantly related soluble protein IL‐18BP that acts as inhibitor of the cytokine IL‐18. Over the years the receptors of the IL‐1 family have been known with many different names, with significant confusion. Thus, we will use here a recently proposed unifying nomenclature. The family includes several ligand‐binding chains (IL‐1R1, IL‐1R2, IL‐1R4, IL‐1R5, and IL‐1R6), 2 types of accessory chains (IL …