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Background  Recently, circulating proteasome core particles (20S proteasome) have been suggested as a marker of cell damage and immunological activity in autoimmune diseases. Aberrant leucocyte activation and increased lymphocyte apoptosis with consecutive T‐cell unresponsiveness is deemed to play a pivotal role in the sepsis syndrome. Moreover sepsis‐induced muscle proteolysis mainly reflects ubiqutin proteasome‐dependent protein degradation. We therefore sought to investigate serum levels of 20S proteasome in critical ill patients.

Material and methods  Case–control‐study at a university hospital intensive care unit; 15 patients recruited within 24–48 h of diagnosis of sepsis, 13 trauma patients recruited within 24 h of admission to the ICU, a control group of 15 patients who underwent abdominal surgery, and 15 healthy volunteers. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of 20S …