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A key benefit of 3D concrete printing is the removal of the need for a mould enabling one-off and low volume production with greater variability in part geometry. The staircase effect generated by the layering is used as a feature of many applications, however for smooth surfaces and at interfaces between components, this may not always be desirable. In addition, global deformation of the part during printing may influence the accuracy of the final element. In order to compete with cast equivalents in this regard, secondary treatments such as subtractive milling and trowelling can be applied post printing. These are relatively new developments in the field of digital fabrication with concrete and there is little published work on methods and in particular, none that examine the effect of milling on the surface condition of 3D printing mortar. This paper explores these issues based on a manufacturing tooling perspective and …