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Irrespective of many government policies and programmes, the nutritional deprivation for adolescents remained high in India. Moreover, due to the unavailability of the data sources, the estimation of nutritional deprivation for this particular age group remained scanty. To fill that gap, this study estimated under-nutrition as well overnutrition among adolescents in India and examined the factors contributing to this double burden of malnutrition. The study used the anthropometric information for 183,773 adolescents from District Level Household and Facility Survey-4 (2011-2012) and 287,128 adolescents from the Annual Health Survey (2014). Among all the adolescents in India, an estimated 24.8 percent are found to be thin and 7.5 percent are overweight. The level of thinness was higher among the adolescents in Odisha, followed by, Rajasthan, and Bihar while the level of overweight was higher in Goa and Kerala. Adolescents in the early ages of 10 to 14 years were more likely to be thin (RRR: 0.63, p< 0.01) as well as overweight (RRR: 0.50, p< 0.01) than older adolescents. The gender variation of thinness and overweight put the boys at disadvantages as compared to girls. Adolescents from the lower socio-economic groups were at high risk of being thin, while from the high socioeconomic status had a high risk of being overweight. The higher undernutrition in the age of onset of puberty is a new finding from this study. The double burden of malnutrition among adolescents should be responded by the nutrition programmes focussing on both under and over nutrition.