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METHODS

Relying on data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, which accounts for approximately 28% of the US population, patients with microscopically confirmed cases of invasive cancers of the kidney parenchyma or kidney, excluding nonepithelial tumors, were included. Cases were grouped according to disease stage, defined as localized, regional, and distant. Incidence rates were calculated annually, divided by the sum of the corresponding year population estimates provided by the SEER, and multiplied by 100,000 to produce per 100,000 person-years. Rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 US population using direct adjustment. Trends in incidence and mortality rates were evaluated using the annual percent change.

RESULTS

The overall age-adjusted incidence rate for RCC between 1988 and 2009 was 10.0, and 6.2, 1.8, and 2.0 per 100 …