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Cartilage tissue engineering seeks to provide a functional replacement for damaged or degenerated articular surfaces that develop in osteoarthritis (OA). Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded within cartilage-derived matrix (CDM) hemispherical scaffolds exhibit robust chondrogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition without evidence of a hypertrophic phenotype. However, inflammation within an OA joint may inhibit chondrogenesis of MSCs and induce degradation of both native and engineered cartilage, particularly through the action of interleukin-1 (IL-1). The goal of this study was to develop an anatomically-shaped, tissue-engineered cartilage capable of tunable and inducible expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in MSCs via biomaterial-mediated lentiviral gene delivery. IL-1Ra or eGFP coding sequences were cloned into …