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The actor model is a model of concurrent programming that consists of concurrent entities called actors. Actors communicate using asynchronous messages, and depending on the order in which they receive messages, they may exhibit different behaviors. This non-determinism brings significant challenges in testing techniques; to make sure that an actor program is correct, conceptually all possible interleavings of message receives should be explored. However, exploring all possible interleavings is not practical because the number of interleavings grows exponentially in the number of messages.