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Background— Systemic delivery of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is an attractive approach for myocardial repair. We aimed to test this strategy in a rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results— BM-MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow, expanded in vitro to a purity of >50%, and labeled with ^99mTc exametazime, fluorescent dye, LacZ marker gene, or bromodeoxyuridine. Rats were subjected to MI by transient coronary artery occlusion or to sham MI. ^99mTc-labeled cells (4×10⁶) were transfused into the left ventricular cavity of MI rats either at 2 or 10 to 14 days after MI and were compared with sham-MI rats or MI rats treated with intravenous infusion. Gamma camera imaging and isolated organ counting 4 hours after intravenous infusion revealed uptake of the ^99mTc-labeled cells mainly in the lungs, with significantly smaller amounts in the liver, heart, and …