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Metal-based cellular materials with periodic structures are currently the preferred choice as bone/cartilage implants under load-bearing conditions due to their controlled pore interconnectivity and porosities. This report presents a new methodology for the structural analysis of periodic cellular materials using X-ray microtomography and dual-level finite element modeling (FEM). A three-dimensional (3D) structure of periodic titanium foam produced using selective laser melting (SLM) is obtained using an X-ray microtomography. A dual-level FEM based on the 3D structure is used to simulate the deformation behavior of titanium foam with a regular structure under uniaxial compression, and the computed results are compared directly with the interrupted uniaxial compression experiments performed on the deformed 3D structures. The deformation behaviors of simplified structures with cylindrical and hexahedral struts …