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The aim of the study was to determine if a decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-I) levels under marginal malnutrition is responsible for the lower physical performance of girls of a low socio-economic status (LSES). Girls were selected after physical examination (Tanner's stage 1) and anthropometric measurements (height, body mass or m _b, body mass index or BMI = m _b height²). Lean body mass m _b,l was measured after skinfold thickness determination; serum IGF-I, by radioimmunoassay; maximal O₂ consumption, (V˙O_2max), directly during incremental exercise up to exhaustion; and maximal aerobic power (W˙ _max), using the force-velocity test. LSES girls (n = 31) had been malnourished in the past and, currently, were suffering from marginal malnutrition: they were smaller (135.2 ± 5.5 vs 146.1 ± 4.3 cm), lighter (31.7 ± 3.9 vs 37.6 ± 5.0 kg), exhibited a lower m _b,l (24.2 ± 2.5 …