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We have previously demonstrated changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission after intensive exercise in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), including an increase in the dopamine D 2 receptor (DA-D 2 R), using noninvasive PET imaging with the radioligand [18 F] fallypride. The purpose of this feasibility and translational study was to examine whether intensive exercise leads to similar alterations in DA-D 2 R expression using PET imaging with [18 F] fallypride in individuals with early-stage PD. In this pilot study, four patients with early-stage PD were randomized to receive intensive exercise (treadmill training sessions three times/week for 8 weeks) or no exercise. Two healthy age-matched individuals participated in treadmill training. Alterations in the DA-D 2 R binding potential (BP) as a marker for receptor expression were determined using PET …