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In the field of image processing, there are several problems where an efficient search of the solutions has to be performed within a complex search domain to find an optimal solution. Multi-thresholding which is a very important image segmentation technique is one of them. The multi-thresholding problem is simply an exponential combinatorial optimization process which traditionally is formulated based on complex objective function criterion which can be solved using only nondeterministic methods. Under such circumstances, there is also no unique measurement which quantitatively judges the quality of a given segmented image. Therefore, researchers are solving those issues by using Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms (NIOAs) as alternative methodologies for the multi-thresholding problem. This study presents an up-to-date review on all most important NIOAs employed in multi-thresholding …