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Researchers have achieved significant progress on the problem of Sensor Node Deployment (SND) in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) in terms of enhancing underwater communication. However, most studies focus on enhancing coverage, connectivity, selective network performance metrics, and/or deployment expenses at the cost of other critical factors. Given the limited resources and difficulties with using renewable energy sources to recharge UASN batteries, it is necessary to minimize Energy Consumption (EC) through the node deployment mechanism to extend network lifetime. Therefore, in this paper, the author proposes the Distributed Deployment Optimization algorithm using Grid-based Depth Adjustable (DDOGDA) based on grid node deployment for 3D network architecture. With this model, this paper endeavors to monitor the underwater environment with the minimum number of …