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Electric vehicles surpassed 10 million cumulative sales globally in late 2020. Announcements from automakers and the US government regarding manufacturing goals, new vehicle emission standards, incentives, and infrastructure investments suggest the US electric vehicle market could expand dramatically in the years ahead. These developments spur broad questions about how much infrastructure is needed to support electric vehicle growth, and the associated costs.

This paper assesses growing home, workplace, and public charging needs through 2030 to support the transition to electric vehicles in the United States. The analysis incorporates local market trends, evolving charging technology and behavior, household characteristics, and home charging availability. It includes charging needs for lowerincome communities, rural areas, highway corridor charging, and ride-hailing vehicles. The charging analysis is also integrated with bottom-up charging costs to estimate the associated infrastructure investment required to support the electric transition.