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An improved microscope features real time generation of combined visible and converted images. The con verted image is of an object which is obscured by a layer of material which is opaque to visible light, but which is substantially transparent to non-visible pene trating radiation. In an operating microscope applica tion, the invisible penetrating radiation may be radiation of wavelength greater than 620 nm, to which blood is transparent. The converted visible image made using the re? ected penetrating radiation will show tissues underlying a layer of blood, which otherwise would obscure the tissues from being viewed by a surgeon. Theconverted and visible images are combined to gen erate a combined image which is more useful than would be the re? ected penetrating radiation image alone. Image enhancement techinques may be em ployed to enhance the converted image.