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This chapter explores the process as well as impact of many European countries joining as founding members of China’s Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. In a first part, the Bank’s establishment is being traced. The chapter then goes on to analyze the motivation of China to propose to found the AIIB as well as the motivation of Europeans to join the Bank. Finally, the chapter assesses the influence of the membership of some EU member states on the AIIB’s foundational documents and initial practice. In particular, it takes a look at the AIIB’s Articles of Agreement, its Environmental and Social Framework, but also general practices and statements by AIIB representatives. It concludes with a summary of findings.