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The objective of this trial was to define the antitumour activity and toxicity of etoposide for second-line treatment of patients with bulky ovarian carcinoma. Between February 1, 1986 and November 1, 1988 we recruited 82 patients. Out of them 77 (93.9%) were evaluable for toxicity and 71 (86.6%) for response. Patient characteristics are as follows: median age 57 years (range 15–75), median performance status: WHO 1, prior chemotherapy with more than 3 drugs 24 patients, with previous cisplatin 63 patients, with previous adriamycin 47 patients, with previous irradiation plus chemotherapy 17 patients. The following treatment schedule was applied: each patient started with 150mg/m² of etoposide administered i.v. on days 1–3. If this first cycle was well tolerated the dosage was escalated to 200 mg/m² days 1–3. This higher dosage was then repeated at 4-week intervals. For evaluation of response the WHO …