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The two-echelon collaborative multiple centers vehicle routing problem (2E-CMCVRP) integrates collaboration mechanism and the vehicle routing problem. Combining k-means clustering algorithm and an improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (Im-NSGA-II), this paper proposes a three-phase approach to simultaneously minimize the aggregate operating cost and reduce carbon dioxide emission. To ensure the initial population's quality, the sweep algorithm is integrated as modification of the standard NSGA-II. The chromosome population consists of multiple depots and corresponding customer nodes independently assessed to find local solutions, and latterly combined to yield suboptimal routes. The nodes scan principle of the sweep algorithm is employed to enforce optimization constraints, and the non-dominated sorting of the population efficiently improves the solution search accuracy. Further …