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Role of apoptosis and neuroinflammation have been well established in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. It has been reported that the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) contributes to the attenuation of inflammation by inhibiting nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an activator of Nrf2, in chemical kindling model in rats.

Chemical kindling model was established in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Animals were treated with DMF (60 mg/kg) to activate the Nrf2 antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. The animals were assessed for seizure score, neuronal damage and inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in hippocampus. The mRNA levels of various genes (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Bcl2, Bax …