作者
Abdul Qayyum, Jawaria Ali Khan, Riaz Hussain, Muhammad Avais, Nisar Ahmad, Muhammad Sarwar Khan
发表日期
2016/1/1
期刊
Pak. Vet. J
卷号
36
期号
3
页码范围
275-279
简介
About 8.43 million human people in Pakistan are involved in rearing buffaloes (29.9 million) and cattle (33.0 million) which share more than 95% of the total milk produced in country (Government of Pakistan, 2007‒2008). Huge efforts regarding expansion in the field of dairy animal breeding, animal nutrition, husbandry practices and welfare has played important role in increasing global milk production over the last few decades to meet the increasing demand for milk, milk products and meat (Tiwari et al., 2013). Mastitis is the most substantial disease of dairy animals, hugely effects the farm economics by decrease in production of milk and increase in treatment costs (Mohammadian, 2011). Mammary gland infection is multifactor and a complex disorder of milk secretory tissues of lactating animals which requires the understanding of exact mechanism of its development (Khan et al., 2013). Inflammation of mammary parenchyma results in release of various harmful toxins in the udder which lead to increased milk somatic cells count and severe tissues changes (Yousaf et al., 2010; Ibrahim et al., 2011). Milk leukocyte consists of different types such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and small percentage of epithelial cells (Abera et al., 2010). The activities of newly recruited and resident milk somatic cell in udder at early period of lactation play crucial role in establishment of intramammary infection and ultimately results in tissue changes. The tissue lesions in udder can vary from no visible changes in milk to increased vascular permeability, increased milk leukocytes counts and development of fibrosis (Hussain et al., 2012a). During udder …
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