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Past research does not reveal much about whether and how entrepreneur characteristics (experience, level of tolerance for ambiguity, and self-efficacy) and management control (planning, internal and customer orientation) influence the entrepreneur's honing and enterprising actions, and ultimately a firm's performance. In a study of 162 firms, we found these factors important; however, the contingent influence of environmental uncertainty, task complexity, and strategic competence determine, to a large degree, which factors are relevant to consider. We elaborate upon this complexity and note a need for further research in this area.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]