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Recently, the impact of multidimensional building/vegetation landscape patterns on urban land surface temperature (LST) has received extensive attention. However, investigations on how two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) building and vegetation landscape patterns affect the urban thermal environment under different cover types are still limited. Thus, we use the boosted regression tree model to explore the separate and combined relative contributions and marginal effects of 2D/3D building and vegetation landscape patterns on the LST and to examine the impacts of differences in building and vegetation coverage. The results indicate that the mean architecture height, building coverage ratio, high building ratio, vegetation coverage ratio, and architecture height standard deviation are the main metrics affecting the LST, with relative contributions of 24.8%, 14.9%, 14.7%, 8.2%, and 7.6%, respectively …