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In a data theft prevention method, a data processing apparatus obtains target data, inputs the target data into a recognition model for recognition processing to obtain a first label, where the first label is a label to which the target data belongs. The recognition processing includes: performing, by the recognition model, feature extraction on the target data to obtain a first feature vector; and obtaining, by the recognition model, the first label through prediction based on the first feature vector; and outputs a target label when determining that a second feature vector exists. The second feature vector is a feature vector whose distance from the first feature vector is less than a first threshold. A second label obtained through prediction by using the recognition model is different from the first label and the target label is a label obtained by performing perturbation processing on the first label.