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The ability to deal with object structure—to determine what is where in a given object, rather than merely to categorize or identify it—has been hitherto considered the prerogative of ‘structural description’approaches, which represent shapes as categorical compositions of generic parts taken from a small alphabet. In this note, we propose a simple extension to a theoretically motivated and extensively tested appearance-based model of recognition and categorization, which should make it capable of representing object structure. We describe a pilot implementation of the extended model, survey independent evidence supporting its modus operandi, and outline a research program focused on achieving a range of object processing capabilities, including reasoning about structure, within a unifi ed appearance-based framework.