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Objectives:

To assess associations of caesarean section with body mass from birth through adolescence.

Design:

Longitudinal birth cohort study, following subjects up to 15 years of age.

Setting and participants:

Children born in 1991–1992 in Avon, UK who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)(n= 10 219).

Outcome measures:

Primary outcome: standardized measures of body mass (weight-for length z-scores at 6 weeks, 10 and 20 months; and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 38 months, 7, 9, 11 and 15 years). Secondary outcome: categorical overweight or obese (BMI⩾ 85th percentile) for age and gender, at 38 months, 7, 9, 11 and 15 years.

Results:

Of the 10 219 children, 926 (9.06%) were delivered by caesarean section. Those born by caesarean had lower-birth weights than those born vaginally (− 46.1 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): 14.6–77.6 g; P= 0.004). In mixed …