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hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2) nanoparticles are important biocompatible materials and were successfully synthesized by a new and simple precipitation process using calcium hydroxide, phosphoric acid as phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) precursors and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The crystal structures and morphologies of the as synthesized hydroxyapatite were analyzed by X-ray diffractions (X-ray), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Single phase HAP, with an average grain size of about 19 nm and surface area of 61 m2/g, was obtained. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the as synthesized HAP nanoparticles related to gram positive and gram negative bacteria's were examined, too. Finally, the obtained results indicated that the HAP nanoparticles possess excellent and a broad spectrum antibacterial activity and it can potentially be applied in medical and environmental fields.