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The main aim of this study is to develop a model for minimising fuel consumption in civil aviation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is utilised for this purpose and the model is developed in terms of various factors that influence fuel consumption in civil aviation. Total 249 questionnaires were sent out to aviation experts to identify the decision variables of strongly correlated dimensions. The results of SEM show four key underlying factors that have a positive effect on both fuel consumption and fuel optimisation. These factors are aircraft design and technology, aviation infrastructure and operation management, socioeconomic measures and the use of alternative fuels. Fuel consumption of commercial transport aircraft was reduced using a genetic algorithm. The results of this study reinforce that fuel consumption optimisation could have a distinctive effect on competitive benefit and structural performance commercial aviation.