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In the IoT (Internet of Things) environment, smart homes, smart grids, and telematics constantly generate data with complex attributes. These data have low heterogeneity and poor interoperability, which brings difficulties to data management and value mining. The promising combination of blockchain and the Internet of things as BCoT (blockchain of things) can solve these problems. This paper introduces an innovative method DCOMB (dual combination Bloom filter) to firstly convert the computational power of bitcoin mining into the computational power of query. Furthermore, this article uses the DCOMB method to build blockchain-based IoT data query model. DCOMB can implement queries only through mining hash calculation. This model combines the data stream of the IoT with the timestamp of the blockchain, improving the interoperability of data and the versatility of the IoT database system. The experiment results show that the random reading performance of DCOMB query is higher than that of COMB (combination Bloom filter), and the error rate of DCOMB is lower. Meanwhile, both DCOMB and COMB query performance are better than MySQL (My Structured Query Language).