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Research in China on carbon emissions throughout the petroleum life cycle has mainly focused on the consumption of petroleum products, which cannot truly reflect carbon emissions. In order to explore development trends of carbon emissions in the petroleum life cycle, we establish the carbon flow model throughout the petroleum life cycle combining material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). Taking a large-scale domestic refining and petrochemical enterprise as an example, hidden carbon emissions and carbon emissions from petroleum combustion are calculated, and factors influencing embodied carbon emissions are analyzed. Four scenarios were developed to predict the hidden carbon emission trend for China’s petroleum sectors from 2015-2050. The results show that the total carbon emission per ton of oil is about 670 kg (equal to CO₂ emission of 2457 kg) in the petroleum life cycle …