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X100 steel is an important material used to construct marine pipelines; hence, understanding its stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior is important. Herein, we investigated the SCC mechanism of rusted X100 steel in a wet–dry cycle environment at various Cl⁻ and HSO₃⁻ contents. Slow strain-rate testing revealed brittle fracture features at high HSO₃⁻ content, while electrochemical studies showed that HSO₃⁻ promotes increased cathode current density that contributes to stress corrosion cracking. We conclude that SCC cracking is initiated at pits formed by anodic dissolution, while the hydrogen-evolution mechanism dominates in a high HSO₃⁻ concentration environment.