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The design of a swarm optimization‐based fractional control for engineering application is an active research topic in the optimization analysis. This work offers the analysis, design, and simulation of a new neural network‐ (NN) based nonlinear fractional control structure. With suitable arrangements of the hidden layer neurons using nonlinear and linear activation functions in the hidden and output layers, respectively, and with appropriate connection weights between different hidden layer neurons, a new class of nonlinear neural fractional‐order proportional integral derivative (NNFOPID) controller is proposed and designed. It is obtained by approximating the fractional derivative and integral actions of the FOPID controller and applied to the motion control of nonholonomic differential drive mobile robot (DDMR). The proposed NNFOPID controller’s parameters consist of derivative, integral, and proportional gains …