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In this article, we are interested in identifying the factors determining the performance of the Urban Freight Transport (UFT) and measuring the impact of each factor. To do this, we conducted a literature review of theoretical and empirical work that addressed this topic. At the end of this literature review, we formulated a set of hypotheses explaining the influence relationships between the factors identified and the performance of the UFT. To test the veracity of these hypotheses, we conducted an empirical study based on the Structural Equation Modeling estimated by the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. Our empirical analysis is based on data from a survey of the freight transport managers and users in the city of Fes. The scientific interest of this work is to present the decision makers of the city of Fez with recommendations to improve the development of freight transport.