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This paper studies the integrated design of fuzzy observer-based fault detection (FD) for nonlinear systems in the presence of external disturbances. To this end, we first approximate the nonlinear systems by a set of Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy models. Then, the observer-based FD systems are studied with the aid of L 2 stability theory. In the end, a numerical example is given to show the efficiency of the proposed method.