作者
Celeste Kidd, Holly Palmeri, Richard N Aslin
发表日期
2013/1/1
期刊
Cognition
卷号
126
期号
1
页码范围
109-114
出版商
Elsevier
简介
Children are notoriously bad at delaying gratification to achieve later, greater rewards (e.g., Piaget, 1970)—and some are worse at waiting than others. Individual differences in the ability-to-wait have been attributed to self-control, in part because of evidence that long-delayers are more successful in later life (e.g., Shoda, Mischel, & Peake, 1990). Here we provide evidence that, in addition to self-control, children’s wait-times are modulated by an implicit, rational decision-making process that considers environmental reliability. We tested children (M=4;6, N=28) using a classic paradigm—the marshmallow task (Mischel, 1974)—in an environment demonstrated to be either unreliable or reliable. Children in the reliable condition waited significantly longer than those in the unreliable condition (p<0.0005), suggesting that children’s wait-times reflected reasoned beliefs about whether waiting would ultimately pay off …
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C Kidd, H Palmeri, RN Aslin - Cognition, 2013