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Nowadays, with the proliferation of different news sources, fake news detection is becoming a crucial topic to research. Millions of articles are published daily in the press, on social media, and in electronic media, and many of them may be fake. It is common for scammers to spread fake news to mislead people for malicious purposes. For researchers to be able to evaluate fake news, it is necessary to understand its diversity, how to study it, how to detect it, and its limitations. A descriptive literature review has been conducted in this paper to identify more appropriate methodologies for analysing fake news. The review found two broad classifications in the fake news research methodologies: fake news study perspectives and fake news detection techniques. Based on our literature review, we suggest four perspectives to study fake news and two major approaches to detecting it. Fake news can be studied in terms of …