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This paper presents an adaptive image enhancement approach to infrared (IR) images for long-range surveillance. The IR images captured at long range usually have low contrast, low brightness, and small hot objects of interest. The main characteristics of the proposed approach are that no prior knowledge about the IR image is necessary and no parameters must be preset. Two main goals are sought: adaptive contrast enhancement and enhancement of the power of high spatial frequency in IR images. In our work, a novel adaptive histogram-based equalization (AHBE) is used for adaptive contrast enhancement. It can automatically generate a hybrid cumulative histogram (HCH) based on two different pieces of information about the image histogram. In this way, the proposed adaptive equalization approach can improve the enhancement effect on small hot objects embedded in an image. In addition, using a …