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This study sought to identify and document the medicinal plants from Emuhaya Subcounty in Vihiga County, Western Kenya and to compare primary data obtained from the survey with previous ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies. A cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2016 and June 2016 in Emuhaya subcounty in Vihiga County. Field observations, face-to-face interviews, and semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain the information from the 23 participants. Plants specimens were collected and subsequently deposited at the University of Nairobi herbarium. An extensive literature review was carried out to identify the previously reported traditional uses and pharmacological activities. 52 plant species from 28 families were reportedly used in the management of microbial infections, with Fuersfia africana (8%) and Sida tunuicapa (7.3%) often cited. The common ailments treated by the traditional medicine (TM) practitioners were diarrhea and stomach discomfort (20.9%), wounds and mouth ulcers/sores (8.63%), and boils (7.9%). Majority (63%) of the herbal remedies were prepared from the leaves, while oral administration (45%) was the preferred route of administration. Plants remain a promising source of natural based remedies against disease and the use of these 52 plants in traditional medicine was substantiated by similar studies globally. Further phytochemical studies are recommended to identify and validate the reported activities and the compounds responsible. This study also highlights an urgent need to document the TM knowledge from the region …