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Peer production communities (PPCs) have pervaded the lives of human beings, organizations, and our society. Since, PPCs have become a strategic component for organizations, it has become crucial to ensure their survival, long-term success, and sustainability. However, PPCs as well as online communities in general, are turning into increasingly complex entities, internally but also externally as their environment keeps evolving. They can no more be perceived as mere networks of individuals enabled by digital platforms. They have now become complex and dynamic social entities which functioning depends on the interplay among their internal components as well as with their external environment. By mobilizing the organismic metaphor and borrowing ideas from systems theory, this paper provides conceptual developments that aim at capturing the complexity of peer production communities as living organisms. Implications are discussed, shedding light on the existence of promising research avenues that lay at the crossroad of various disciplines such as biology, public health, and social sciences.