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One-dimensional titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-based nanotubes have attracted great interest to be used as photocatalysts in the field of environmental applications. Three main approaches via template-assisted, electrochemical anodic oxidation and alkaline hydrothermal treatment used to prepare the nanostructured TiO₂-based nanotubes are reviewed. The parameters that affect the formation of TiO₂-based nanotubes via hydrothermal method such as phases and particle sizes of starting materials, types and concentrations of alkaline solution, temperature and duration of hydrothermal treatment, ultrasonication- and microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, acid washing and calcination have been reviewed in details. This paper also discussed the possible crystal structure and formation mechanism of TiO₂-based nanotubes via alkaline hydrothermal treatment. In addition, the recent research progress on the …