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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Despite therapeutic anticoagulation, the risks of recurrent VTE and major bleeding are approximately 10% and 5%, respectively, during the first 6 months of treatment. Overall mortality ranges from 25% to 40%, depending on the study population. Knowing the case fatality rates of these outcomes is also important for weighing the relative risks and benefits of anticoagulation in patients with cancer-associated VTE but these rates have not been reported previously.

To determine the incidence of recurrent VTE and major bleeding events and to calculate the case fatality rates of these outcomes in patients undergoing anticoagulation for cancer-associated VTE.

An electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1980 to May 2018 …