查看文章

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) allow users to model systems using concepts from a specific domain. Evolution of DSLs triggers co-evolution of models developed in these languages. Manual co-evolution of the thousands of models is unfeasible, calling for an automated support. A prerequisite to automating model co-evolution with respect to DSL evolution is the ability to formally specify DSL evolution, e.g., using predefined evolution operators. Success or failure of the practical application of the operator-based approach therefore depends heavily on the operators offered by the operator library at hand. In this paper we evaluate the completeness of the state-of-the-art operator library claimed to be "practically complete" (which we denote as H) by using it to specify evolution of an ecosystem of 22 commercial DSLs over the period of four years. We observe that 11% of the changes cannot be specified. However …