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Obesity and arterial hypertension (AH) in children represent well-recognized risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) events during adult life. We investigated any changes regarding several CV risk (CVR) factors in children after a 10-year follow-up period.

A cohort of 143 healthy children, elementary/high school students, 6–16 years old, was initially evaluated in 2010–2011 regarding CVR factors [obesity, blood pressure (BP), aortic stiffness (PWV), lipid profile] plus food habits/sports activity. At 10-years follow-up (2020–2021), 63/143 (44%) young adults were re-evaluated.

Children with obesity (45%) had increased BP (p < 0.001) and a less favorable LDL-C/triglycerides profile (p = 0.001) compared to overweight/normoweight ones. In a 10-year follow-up, obesity and exercise improved (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005), systolic BP (SBP) (102 ± 13 vs. 118 ± 11 mmHg, p < 0.001) and PWV increased (6 …