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Events leading to and propagating neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) persons are largely mediated by peripheral blood monocytes. We previously identified expression levels of individual genes and gene networks in peripheral blood monocytes that correlated with neurocognitive functioning in HIV+ adults. Here, we expand upon those findings by examining if gene expression data at baseline is predictive of change in neurocognitive functioning 2 years later. We also attempt to validate the original findings in a new sample of HIV+ patients and determine if the findings are HIV specific by including HIV-uninfected (HIV−) participants as a comparison group. At two time points, messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from the monocytes of 123 HIV+ and 60 HIV− adults enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and analyzed with the Illumina HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. All …