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To investigate the association of β₂‐glycoprotein I (β₂GPI) with lipid rafts in monocytic cells and to evaluate the proinflammatory and procoagulant effects of anti‐β₂GPI binding to its target antigen on the monocyte plasma membrane.

Human monocytes were fractionated by sucrose density‐gradient centrifugation and analyzed by Western blotting. Immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to analyze the association of β₂GPI with lipid rafts and the possible interaction of β₂GPI with annexin A2 and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4). Monocytes were then stimulated with affinity‐purified anti‐β₂GPI antibodies from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Interleukin‐1 receptor–associated kinase (IRAK) phosphorylation and NF‐κB activation were evaluated by immunoprecipitation and transcription factor assay, respectively. Supernatants from monocytes were tested for tumor necrosis …