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An increasing number of studies support an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and brain disorders. This study aims to determine the association between RA and epilepsy.

A comprehensive search of databases in both English and Chinese was performed. Data from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. Genes associated with epilepsy and RA were also collected and analyzed.

We included six nationwide population based studies (n = 7,094,113 cases in total) for the meta-analysis. The risk of epilepsy was increased in RA patients [risk ratio (RR) = 1.601; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.089–2.354; p = 0.017; n = 3,803,535 cases] and children born to mothers with RA (RR = 1.475; 95% CI: 1.333–1.633; p < 0.001, n = 3,290,578 cases). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression showed the RR of epilepsy in RA was …